/* keyctl.c: key control program
	 *
	 * Copyright (C) 2005, 2011 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
	 * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
	 *
	 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
	 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
	 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
	 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	 */
	
	#define _GNU_SOURCE
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <stdint.h>
	#include <stdarg.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <ctype.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <asm/unistd.h>
	#include "keyutils.h"
	
	struct command {
		int (*action)(int argc, char *argv[]);
		const char	*name;
		const char	*format;
	};
	
	static int act_keyctl___version(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_show(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_add(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_padd(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_request(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_request2(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_prequest2(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_update(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_pupdate(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_newring(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_revoke(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_clear(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_link(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_unlink(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_search(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_read(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_pipe(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_print(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_list(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_rlist(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_describe(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_rdescribe(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_chown(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_chgrp(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_setperm(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_session(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_instantiate(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_pinstantiate(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_negate(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_timeout(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_security(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_new_session(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_reject(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_reap(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_purge(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_invalidate(int argc, char *argv[]);
	static int act_keyctl_get_persistent(int argc, char *argv[]);
	
	const struct command commands[] = {
		{ act_keyctl___version,	"--version",	"" },
		{ act_keyctl_add,	"add",		"<type> <desc> <data> <keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_chgrp,	"chgrp",	"<key> <gid>" },
		{ act_keyctl_chown,	"chown",	"<key> <uid>" },
		{ act_keyctl_clear,	"clear",	"<keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_describe,	"describe",	"<keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_instantiate, "instantiate","<key> <data> <keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_invalidate,"invalidate",	"<key>" },
		{ act_keyctl_get_persistent, "get_persistent", "<keyring> [<uid>]" },
		{ act_keyctl_link,	"link",		"<key> <keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_list,	"list",		"<keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_negate,	"negate",	"<key> <timeout> <keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_new_session, "new_session",	"" },
		{ act_keyctl_newring,	"newring",	"<name> <keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_padd,	"padd",		"<type> <desc> <keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_pinstantiate, "pinstantiate","<key> <keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_pipe,	"pipe",		"<key>" },
		{ act_keyctl_prequest2,	"prequest2",	"<type> <desc> [<dest_keyring>]" },
		{ act_keyctl_print,	"print",	"<key>" },
		{ act_keyctl_pupdate,	"pupdate",	"<key>" },
		{ act_keyctl_purge,	"purge",	"<type>" },
		{ NULL,			"purge",	"[-p] [-i] <type> <desc>" },
		{ NULL,			"purge",	"-s <type> <desc>" },
		{ act_keyctl_rdescribe,	"rdescribe",	"<keyring> [sep]" },
		{ act_keyctl_read,	"read",		"<key>" },
		{ act_keyctl_reap,	"reap",		"[-v]" },
		{ act_keyctl_reject,	"reject",	"<key> <timeout> <error> <keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_request,	"request",	"<type> <desc> [<dest_keyring>]" },
		{ act_keyctl_request2,	"request2",	"<type> <desc> <info> [<dest_keyring>]" },
		{ act_keyctl_revoke,	"revoke",	"<key>" },
		{ act_keyctl_rlist,	"rlist",	"<keyring>" },
		{ act_keyctl_search,	"search",	"<keyring> <type> <desc> [<dest_keyring>]" },
		{ act_keyctl_security,	"security",	"<key>" },
		{ act_keyctl_session,	"session",	"" },
		{ NULL,			"session",	"- [<prog> <arg1> <arg2> ...]" },
		{ NULL,			"session",	"<name> [<prog> <arg1> <arg2> ...]" },
		{ act_keyctl_setperm,	"setperm",	"<key> <mask>" },
		{ act_keyctl_show,	"show",		"[-x] [<keyring>]" },
		{ act_keyctl_timeout,	"timeout",	"<key> <timeout>" },
		{ act_keyctl_unlink,	"unlink",	"<key> [<keyring>]" },
		{ act_keyctl_update,	"update",	"<key> <data>" },
		{ NULL,			NULL,		NULL }
	};
	
	static int dump_key_tree(key_serial_t keyring, const char *name, int hex_key_IDs);
	static void format(void) __attribute__((noreturn));
	static void error(const char *msg) __attribute__((noreturn));
	static key_serial_t get_key_id(char *arg);
	
	static uid_t myuid;
	static gid_t mygid, *mygroups;
	static int myngroups;
	static int verbose;
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * handle an error
	 */
	static inline void error(const char *msg)
	{
		perror(msg);
		exit(1);
	
	} /* end error() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * execute the appropriate subcommand
	 */
	int main(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		const struct command *cmd, *best;
		int n;
	
		argv++;
		argc--;
	
		if (argc == 0)
			format();
	
		/* find the best fit command */
		best = NULL;
		n = strlen(*argv);
	
		for (cmd = commands; cmd->name; cmd++) {
			if (!cmd->action)
				continue;
			if (memcmp(cmd->name, *argv, n) != 0)
				continue;
	
			if (cmd->name[n] == 0) {
				/* exact match */
				best = cmd;
				break;
			}
	
			/* partial match */
			if (best) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Ambiguous command\n");
				exit(2);
			}
	
			best = cmd;
		}
	
		if (!best) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown command\n");
			exit(2);
		}
	
		/* grab my UID, GID and groups */
		myuid = geteuid();
		mygid = getegid();
		myngroups = getgroups(0, NULL);
	
		if (myuid == -1 || mygid == -1 || myngroups == -1)
			error("Unable to get UID/GID/#Groups\n");
	
		mygroups = calloc(myngroups, sizeof(gid_t));
		if (!mygroups)
			error("calloc");
	
		myngroups = getgroups(myngroups, mygroups);
		if (myngroups < 0)
			error("Unable to get Groups\n");
	
		return best->action(argc, argv);
	
	} /* end main() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * display command format information
	 */
	static void format(void)
	{
		const struct command *cmd;
	
		fprintf(stderr, "Format:\n");
	
		for (cmd = commands; cmd->name; cmd++)
			fprintf(stderr, "  keyctl %s %s\n", cmd->name, cmd->format);
	
		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "Key/keyring ID:\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "  <nnn>   numeric keyring ID\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "  @t      thread keyring\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "  @p      process keyring\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "  @s      session keyring\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "  @u      user keyring\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "  @us     user default session keyring\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "  @g      group keyring\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "  @a      assumed request_key authorisation key\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "<type> can be \"user\" for a user-defined keyring\n");
		fprintf(stderr, "If you do this, prefix the description with \"<subtype>:\"\n");
	
		exit(2);
	
	} /* end format() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * Display version information
	 */
	static int act_keyctl___version(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		printf("keyctl from %s (Built %s)\n",
		       keyutils_version_string, keyutils_build_string);
		return 0;
	}
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * grab data from stdin
	 */
	static char *grab_stdin(size_t *_size)
	{
		static char input[1024 * 1024 + 1];
		int n, tmp;
	
		n = 0;
		do {
			tmp = read(0, input + n, sizeof(input) - 1 - n);
			if (tmp < 0)
				error("stdin");
	
			if (tmp == 0)
				break;
	
			n += tmp;
	
		} while (n < sizeof(input));
	
		if (n >= sizeof(input)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Too much data read on stdin\n");
			exit(1);
		}
	
		input[n] = '\0';
		*_size = n;
	
		return input;
	
	} /* end grab_stdin() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * convert the permissions mask to a string representing the permissions we
	 * have actually been granted
	 */
	static void calc_perms(char *pretty, key_perm_t perm, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
	{
		unsigned perms;
		gid_t *pg;
		int loop;
	
		perms = (perm & KEY_POS_ALL) >> 24;
	
		if (uid == myuid) {
			perms |= (perm & KEY_USR_ALL) >> 16;
			goto write_mask;
		}
	
		if (gid != -1) {
			if (gid == mygid) {
				perms |= (perm & KEY_GRP_ALL) >> 8;
				goto write_mask;
			}
	
			pg = mygroups;
			for (loop = myngroups; loop > 0; loop--, pg++) {
				if (gid == *pg) {
					perms |= (perm & KEY_GRP_ALL) >> 8;
					goto write_mask;
				}
			}
		}
	
		perms |= (perm & KEY_OTH_ALL);
	
	write_mask:
		sprintf(pretty, "--%c%c%c%c%c%c",
			perms & KEY_OTH_SETATTR	? 'a' : '-',
			perms & KEY_OTH_LINK	? 'l' : '-',
			perms & KEY_OTH_SEARCH	? 's' : '-',
			perms & KEY_OTH_WRITE	? 'w' : '-',
			perms & KEY_OTH_READ	? 'r' : '-',
			perms & KEY_OTH_VIEW	? 'v' : '-');
	
	} /* end calc_perms() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * show the parent process's session keyring
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_show(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t keyring = KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING;
		int hex_key_IDs = 0;
	
		if (argc >= 2 && strcmp(argv[1], "-x") == 0) {
			hex_key_IDs = 1;
			argc--;
			argv++;
		}
	
		if (argc > 2)
			format();
	
		if (argc == 2)
			keyring = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		dump_key_tree(keyring, argc == 2 ? "Keyring" : "Session Keyring", hex_key_IDs);
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_show() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * add a key
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_add(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t dest;
		int ret;
	
		if (argc != 5)
			format();
	
		dest = get_key_id(argv[4]);
	
		ret = add_key(argv[1], argv[2], argv[3], strlen(argv[3]), dest);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("add_key");
	
		/* print the resulting key ID */
		printf("%d\n", ret);
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_add() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * add a key, reading from a pipe
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_padd(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t dest;
		size_t datalen;
		void *data;
		int ret;
	
	
		if (argc != 4)
			format();
	
		dest = get_key_id(argv[3]);
	
		data = grab_stdin(&datalen);
	
		ret = add_key(argv[1], argv[2], data, datalen, dest);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("add_key");
	
		/* print the resulting key ID */
		printf("%d\n", ret);
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_padd() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * request a key
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_request(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t dest;
		int ret;
	
		if (argc != 3 && argc != 4)
			format();
	
		dest = 0;
		if (argc == 4)
			dest = get_key_id(argv[3]);
	
		ret = request_key(argv[1], argv[2], NULL, dest);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("request_key");
	
		/* print the resulting key ID */
		printf("%d\n", ret);
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_request() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * request a key, with recourse to /sbin/request-key
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_request2(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t dest;
		int ret;
	
		if (argc != 4 && argc != 5)
			format();
	
		dest = 0;
		if (argc == 5)
			dest = get_key_id(argv[4]);
	
		ret = request_key(argv[1], argv[2], argv[3], dest);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("request_key");
	
		/* print the resulting key ID */
		printf("%d\n", ret);
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_request2() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * request a key, with recourse to /sbin/request-key, reading the callout info
	 * from a pipe
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_prequest2(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		char *args[6];
		size_t datalen;
	
		if (argc != 3 && argc != 4)
			format();
	
		args[0] = argv[0];
		args[1] = argv[1];
		args[2] = argv[2];
		args[3] = grab_stdin(&datalen);
		args[4] = argv[3];
		args[5] = NULL;
	
		return act_keyctl_request2(argc + 1, args);
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_prequest2() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * update a key
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_update(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
	
		if (argc != 3)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		if (keyctl_update(key, argv[2], strlen(argv[2])) < 0)
			error("keyctl_update");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_update() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * update a key, reading from a pipe
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_pupdate(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
		size_t datalen;
		void *data;
	
		if (argc != 2)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
		data = grab_stdin(&datalen);
	
		if (keyctl_update(key, data, datalen) < 0)
			error("keyctl_update");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_pupdate() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * create a new keyring
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_newring(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t dest;
		int ret;
	
		if (argc != 3)
			format();
	
		dest = get_key_id(argv[2]);
	
		ret = add_key("keyring", argv[1], NULL, 0, dest);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("add_key");
	
		printf("%d\n", ret);
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_newring() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * revoke a key
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_revoke(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
	
		if (argc != 2)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		if (keyctl_revoke(key) < 0)
			error("keyctl_revoke");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_revoke() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * clear a keyring
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_clear(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t keyring;
	
		if (argc != 2)
			format();
	
		keyring = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		if (keyctl_clear(keyring) < 0)
			error("keyctl_clear");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_clear() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * link a key to a keyring
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_link(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t keyring, key;
	
		if (argc != 3)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
		keyring = get_key_id(argv[2]);
	
		if (keyctl_link(key, keyring) < 0)
			error("keyctl_link");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_link() */
	
	/*
	 * Attempt to unlink a key matching the ID
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_unlink_func(key_serial_t parent, key_serial_t key,
					  char *desc, int desc_len, void *data)
	{
		key_serial_t *target = data;
	
		if (key == *target)
			return keyctl_unlink(key, parent) < 0 ? 0 : 1;
		return 0;
	}
	
	/*
	 * Unlink a key from a keyring or from the session keyring tree.
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_unlink(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t keyring, key;
		int n;
	
		if (argc != 2 && argc != 3)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		if (argc == 3) {
			keyring = get_key_id(argv[2]);
			if (keyctl_unlink(key, keyring) < 0)
				error("keyctl_unlink");
		} else {
			n = recursive_session_key_scan(act_keyctl_unlink_func, &key);
			printf("%d links removed\n", n);
		}
	
		return 0;
	}
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * search a keyring for a key
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_search(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t keyring, dest;
		int ret;
	
		if (argc != 4 && argc != 5)
			format();
	
		keyring = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		dest = 0;
		if (argc == 5)
			dest = get_key_id(argv[4]);
	
		ret = keyctl_search(keyring, argv[2], argv[3], dest);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("keyctl_search");
	
		/* print the ID of the key we found */
		printf("%d\n", ret);
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_search() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * read a key
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_read(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
		void *buffer;
		char *p;
		int ret, sep, col;
	
		if (argc != 2)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		/* read the key payload data */
		ret = keyctl_read_alloc(key, &buffer);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("keyctl_read_alloc");
	
		if (ret == 0) {
			printf("No data in key\n");
			return 0;
		}
	
		/* hexdump the contents */
		printf("%u bytes of data in key:\n", ret);
	
		sep = 0;
		col = 0;
		p = buffer;
	
		do {
			if (sep) {
				putchar(sep);
				sep = 0;
			}
	
			printf("%02hhx", *p);
			p++;
	
			col++;
			if (col % 32 == 0)
				sep = '\n';
			else if (col % 4 == 0)
				sep = ' ';
	
		} while (--ret > 0);
	
		printf("\n");
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_read() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * read a key and dump raw to stdout
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_pipe(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
		void *buffer;
		int ret;
	
		if (argc != 2)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		/* read the key payload data */
		ret = keyctl_read_alloc(key, &buffer);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("keyctl_read_alloc");
	
		if (ret > 0 && write(1, buffer, ret) < 0)
			error("write");
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_pipe() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * read a key and dump to stdout in printable form
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_print(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
		void *buffer;
		char *p;
		int loop, ret;
	

		if (argc != 2)

			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		/* read the key payload data */

		ret = keyctl_read_alloc(key, &buffer);

		if (ret < 0)

			error("keyctl_read_alloc");
	
		/* see if it's printable */

		p = buffer;

		for (loop = ret; loop > 0; loop--, p++)
			if (!isprint(*p))

				goto not_printable;
	
		/* it is */

		printf("%s\n", (char *) buffer);

		return 0;
	
	not_printable:
		/* it isn't */
		printf(":hex:");
		p = buffer;
		for (loop = ret; loop > 0; loop--, p++)
			printf("%02hhx", *p);
		printf("\n");
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_print() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * list a keyring
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_list(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t keyring, key, *pk;
		key_perm_t perm;
		void *keylist;
		char *buffer, pretty_mask[9];
		uid_t uid;
		gid_t gid;
		int count, tlen, dpos, n, ret;
	
		if (argc != 2)
			format();
	
		keyring = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		/* read the key payload data */
		count = keyctl_read_alloc(keyring, &keylist);
		if (count < 0)
			error("keyctl_read_alloc");
	
		count /= sizeof(key_serial_t);
	
		if (count == 0) {
			printf("keyring is empty\n");
			return 0;
		}
	
		/* list the keys in the keyring */
		if (count == 1)
			printf("1 key in keyring:\n");
		else
			printf("%u keys in keyring:\n", count);
	
		pk = keylist;
		do {
			key = *pk++;
	
			ret = keyctl_describe_alloc(key, &buffer);
			if (ret < 0) {
				printf("%9d: key inaccessible (%m)\n", key);
				continue;
			}
	
			uid = 0;
			gid = 0;
			perm = 0;
	
			tlen = -1;
			dpos = -1;
	
			n = sscanf((char *) buffer, "%*[^;]%n;%d;%d;%x;%n",
				   &tlen, &uid, &gid, &perm, &dpos);
			if (n != 3) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Unparseable description obtained for key %d\n", key);
				exit(3);
			}
	
			calc_perms(pretty_mask, perm, uid, gid);
	
			printf("%9d: %s %5d %5d %*.*s: %s\n",
			       key,
			       pretty_mask,
			       uid, gid,
			       tlen, tlen, buffer,
			       buffer + dpos);
	
			free(buffer);
	
		} while (--count);
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_list() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * produce a raw list of a keyring
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_rlist(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t keyring, key, *pk;
		void *keylist;
		int count;
	
		if (argc != 2)
			format();
	
		keyring = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		/* read the key payload data */
		count = keyctl_read_alloc(keyring, &keylist);
		if (count < 0)
			error("keyctl_read_alloc");
	
		count /= sizeof(key_serial_t);
	
		/* list the keys in the keyring */
		if (count <= 0) {
			printf("\n");
		}
		else {
			pk = keylist;
			for (; count > 0; count--) {
				key = *pk++;
				printf("%d%c", key, count == 1 ? '\n' : ' ');
			}
		}
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_rlist() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * describe a key
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_describe(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
		key_perm_t perm;
		char *buffer;
		uid_t uid;
		gid_t gid;
		int tlen, dpos, n, ret;
	
		if (argc != 2)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		/* get key description */
		ret = keyctl_describe_alloc(key, &buffer);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("keyctl_describe");
	
		/* parse it */
		uid = 0;
		gid = 0;
		perm = 0;
	
		tlen = -1;
		dpos = -1;
	
		n = sscanf(buffer, "%*[^;]%n;%d;%d;%x;%n",
			   &tlen, &uid, &gid, &perm, &dpos);
		if (n != 3) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unparseable description obtained for key %d\n", key);
			exit(3);
		}
	
		/* display it */
		printf("%9d:"
		       " %c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c"
		       " %5d %5d %*.*s: %s\n",
		       key,
		       perm & KEY_POS_SETATTR	? 'a' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_POS_LINK	? 'l' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_POS_SEARCH	? 's' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_POS_WRITE	? 'w' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_POS_READ	? 'r' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_POS_VIEW	? 'v' : '-',
	
		       perm & KEY_USR_SETATTR	? 'a' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_USR_LINK	? 'l' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_USR_SEARCH	? 's' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_USR_WRITE	? 'w' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_USR_READ	? 'r' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_USR_VIEW	? 'v' : '-',
	
		       perm & KEY_GRP_SETATTR	? 'a' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_GRP_LINK	? 'l' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_GRP_SEARCH	? 's' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_GRP_WRITE	? 'w' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_GRP_READ	? 'r' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_GRP_VIEW	? 'v' : '-',
	
		       perm & KEY_OTH_SETATTR	? 'a' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_OTH_LINK	? 'l' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_OTH_SEARCH	? 's' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_OTH_WRITE	? 'w' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_OTH_READ	? 'r' : '-',
		       perm & KEY_OTH_VIEW	? 'v' : '-',
		       uid, gid,
		       tlen, tlen, buffer,
		       buffer + dpos);
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_describe() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * get raw key description
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_rdescribe(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
		char *buffer, *q;
		int ret;
	
		if (argc != 2 && argc != 3)
			format();
		if (argc == 3 && !argv[2][0])
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		/* get key description */
		ret = keyctl_describe_alloc(key, &buffer);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("keyctl_describe");
	
		/* replace semicolon separators with requested alternative */
		if (argc == 3) {
			for (q = buffer; *q; q++)
				if (*q == ';')
					*q = argv[2][0];
		}
	
		/* display raw description */
		printf("%s\n", buffer);
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_rdescribe() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * change a key's ownership
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_chown(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
		uid_t uid;
		char *q;
	
		if (argc != 3)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		uid = strtoul(argv[2], &q, 0);
		if (*q) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unparsable uid: '%s'\n", argv[2]);
			exit(2);
		}
	
		if (keyctl_chown(key, uid, -1) < 0)
			error("keyctl_chown");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_chown() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * change a key's group ownership
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_chgrp(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
		gid_t gid;
		char *q;
	
		if (argc != 3)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		gid = strtoul(argv[2], &q, 0);
		if (*q) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unparsable gid: '%s'\n", argv[2]);
			exit(2);
		}
	
		if (keyctl_chown(key, -1, gid) < 0)
			error("keyctl_chown");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_chgrp() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * set the permissions on a key
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_setperm(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
		key_perm_t perm;
		char *q;
	
		if (argc != 3)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
		perm = strtoul(argv[2], &q, 0);
		if (*q) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unparsable permissions: '%s'\n", argv[2]);
			exit(2);
		}
	
		if (keyctl_setperm(key, perm) < 0)
			error("keyctl_setperm");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_setperm() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * start a process in a new session
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_session(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		char *p, *q;
		int ret;
	
		argv++;
		argc--;
	
		/* no extra arguments signifies a standard shell in an anonymous
		 * session */
		p = NULL;
		if (argc != 0) {
			/* a dash signifies an anonymous session */
			p = *argv;
			if (strcmp(p, "-") == 0)
				p = NULL;
	
			argv++;
			argc--;
		}
	
		/* create a new session keyring */
		ret = keyctl_join_session_keyring(p);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("keyctl_join_session_keyring");
	
		fprintf(stderr, "Joined session keyring: %d\n", ret);
	
		/* run the standard shell if no arguments */
		if (argc == 0) {
			q = getenv("SHELL");
			if (!q)
				q = "/bin/sh";
			execl(q, q, NULL);
			error(q);
		}
	
		/* run the command specified */
		execvp(argv[0], argv);
		error(argv[0]);
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_session() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * instantiate a key that's under construction
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_instantiate(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key, dest;
	
		if (argc != 4)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
		dest = get_key_id(argv[3]);
	
		if (keyctl_instantiate(key, argv[2], strlen(argv[2]), dest) < 0)
			error("keyctl_instantiate");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_instantiate() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * instantiate a key, reading from a pipe
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_pinstantiate(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key, dest;
		size_t datalen;
		void *data;
	
		if (argc != 3)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
		dest = get_key_id(argv[2]);
		data = grab_stdin(&datalen);
	
		if (keyctl_instantiate(key, data, datalen, dest) < 0)
			error("keyctl_instantiate");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_pinstantiate() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * negate a key that's under construction
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_negate(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		unsigned long timeout;
		key_serial_t key, dest;
		char *q;
	
		if (argc != 4)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		timeout = strtoul(argv[2], &q, 10);
		if (*q) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unparsable timeout: '%s'\n", argv[2]);
			exit(2);
		}
	
		dest = get_key_id(argv[3]);
	
		if (keyctl_negate(key, timeout, dest) < 0)
			error("keyctl_negate");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_negate() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * set a key's timeout
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_timeout(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		unsigned long timeout;
		key_serial_t key;
		char *q;
	
		if (argc != 3)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		timeout = strtoul(argv[2], &q, 10);
		if (*q) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unparsable timeout: '%s'\n", argv[2]);
			exit(2);
		}
	
		if (keyctl_set_timeout(key, timeout) < 0)
			error("keyctl_set_timeout");
	
		return 0;
	
	} /* end act_keyctl_timeout() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * get a key's security label
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_security(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
		char *buffer;
		int ret;
	
		if (argc != 2)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		/* get key description */
		ret = keyctl_get_security_alloc(key, &buffer);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("keyctl_getsecurity");
	
		printf("%s\n", buffer);
		return 0;
	}
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * install a new session keyring on the parent process
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_new_session(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t keyring;
	
		if (argc != 1)
			format();
	
		if (keyctl_join_session_keyring(NULL) < 0)
			error("keyctl_join_session_keyring");
	
		if (keyctl_session_to_parent() < 0)
			error("keyctl_session_to_parent");
	
		keyring = keyctl_get_keyring_ID(KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING, 0);
		if (keyring < 0)
			error("keyctl_get_keyring_ID");
	
		/* print the resulting key ID */
		printf("%d\n", keyring);
		return 0;
	}
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * reject a key that's under construction
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_reject(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		unsigned long timeout;
		key_serial_t key, dest;
		unsigned long rejerr;
		char *q;
	
		if (argc != 5)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		timeout = strtoul(argv[2], &q, 10);
		if (*q) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unparsable timeout: '%s'\n", argv[2]);
			exit(2);
		}
	
		if (strcmp(argv[3], "rejected") == 0) {
			rejerr = EKEYREJECTED;
		} else if (strcmp(argv[3], "revoked") == 0) {
			rejerr = EKEYREVOKED;
		} else if (strcmp(argv[3], "expired") == 0) {
			rejerr = EKEYEXPIRED;
		} else {
			rejerr = strtoul(argv[3], &q, 10);
			if (*q) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Unparsable error: '%s'\n", argv[3]);
				exit(2);
			}
		}
	
		dest = get_key_id(argv[4]);
	
		if (keyctl_reject(key, timeout, rejerr, dest) < 0)
			error("keyctl_negate");
	
		return 0;
	}
	
	/*
	 * Attempt to unlink a key if we can't read it for reasons other than we don't
	 * have permission
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_reap_func(key_serial_t parent, key_serial_t key,
					char *desc, int desc_len, void *data)
	{
		if (desc_len < 0 && errno != EACCES) {
			if (verbose)
				printf("Reap %d", key);
			if (keyctl_unlink(key, parent) < 0) {
				if (verbose)
					printf("... failed %m\n");
				return 0;
			} else {
				if (verbose)
					printf("\n");
				return 1;
			};
		}
		return 0;
	}
	
	/*
	 * Reap the dead keys from the session keyring tree
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_reap(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		int n;
	
		if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-v") == 0) {
			verbose = 1;
			argc--;
			argv++;
		}
	
		if (argc != 1)
			format();
	
		n = recursive_session_key_scan(act_keyctl_reap_func, NULL);
		printf("%d keys reaped\n", n);
		return 0;
	}
	
	struct purge_data {
		const char	*type;
		const char	*desc;
		size_t		desc_len;
		size_t		type_len;
		char		prefix_match;
		char		case_indep;
	};
	
	/*
	 * Attempt to unlink a key matching the type
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_purge_type_func(key_serial_t parent, key_serial_t key,
					      char *raw, int raw_len, void *data)
	{
		const struct purge_data *purge = data;
		char *p, *type;
	
		if (parent == 0 || !raw)
			return 0;
	
		/* type is everything before the first semicolon */
		type = raw;
		p = memchr(raw, ';', raw_len);
		if (!p)
			return 0;
		*p = 0;
		if (strcmp(type, purge->type) != 0)
			return 0;
	
		return keyctl_unlink(key, parent) < 0 ? 0 : 1;
	}
	
	/*
	 * Attempt to unlink a key matching the type and description literally
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_purge_literal_func(key_serial_t parent, key_serial_t key,
						 char *raw, int raw_len, void *data)
	{
		const struct purge_data *purge = data;
		size_t tlen;
		char *p, *type, *desc;
	
		if (parent == 0 || !raw)
			return 0;
	
		/* type is everything before the first semicolon */
		type = raw;
		p = memchr(type, ';', raw_len);
		if (!p)
			return 0;
	
		tlen = p - type;
		if (tlen != purge->type_len)
			return 0;
		if (memcmp(type, purge->type, tlen) != 0)
			return 0;
	
		/* description is everything after the last semicolon */
		p++;
		desc = memrchr(p, ';', raw + raw_len - p);
		if (!desc)
			return 0;
		desc++;
	
		if (purge->prefix_match) {
			if (raw_len - (desc - raw) < purge->desc_len)
				return 0;
		} else {
			if (raw_len - (desc - raw) != purge->desc_len)
				return 0;
		}
	
		if (purge->case_indep) {
			if (strncasecmp(purge->desc, desc, purge->desc_len) != 0)
				return 0;
		} else {
			if (memcmp(purge->desc, desc, purge->desc_len) != 0)
				return 0;
		}
	
		printf("%*.*s '%s'\n", (int)tlen, (int)tlen, type, desc);
	
		return keyctl_unlink(key, parent) < 0 ? 0 : 1;
	}
	
	/*
	 * Attempt to unlink a key matching the type and description literally
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_purge_search_func(key_serial_t parent, key_serial_t keyring,
						char *raw, int raw_len, void *data)
	{
		const struct purge_data *purge = data;
		key_serial_t key;
		int kcount = 0;
	
		if (!raw || memcmp(raw, "keyring;", 8) != 0)
			return 0;
	
		for (;;) {
			key = keyctl_search(keyring, purge->type, purge->desc, 0);
			if (keyctl_unlink(key, keyring) < 0)
				return kcount;
			kcount++;
		}
		return kcount;
	}
	
	/*
	 * Purge matching keys from a keyring
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_purge(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		recursive_key_scanner_t func;
		struct purge_data purge = {
			.prefix_match	= 0,
			.case_indep	= 0,
		};
		int n = 0, search_mode = 0;
	
		argc--;
		argv++;
		while (argc > 0 && argv[0][0] == '-') {
			if (argv[0][1] == 's')
				search_mode = 1;
			else if (argv[0][1] == 'p')
				purge.prefix_match = 1;
			else if (argv[0][1] == 'i')
				purge.case_indep = 1;
			else
				format();
			argc--;
			argv++;
		}
	
		if (argc < 1)
			format();
	
		purge.type	= argv[0];
		purge.desc	= argv[1];
		purge.type_len	= strlen(purge.type);
		purge.desc_len	= purge.desc ? strlen(purge.desc) : 0;
	
		if (search_mode == 1) {
			if (argc != 2 || purge.prefix_match || purge.case_indep)
				format();
			/* purge all keys of a specific type and description, according
			 * to the kernel's comparator */
			func = act_keyctl_purge_search_func;
		} else if (argc == 1) {
			if (purge.prefix_match || purge.case_indep)
				format();
			/* purge all keys of a specific type */
			func = act_keyctl_purge_type_func;
		} else if (argc == 2) {
			/* purge all keys of a specific type with literally matching
			 * description */
			func = act_keyctl_purge_literal_func;
		} else {
			format();
		}
	
		n = recursive_session_key_scan(func, &purge);
		printf("purged %d keys\n", n);
		return 0;
	}
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * Invalidate a key
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_invalidate(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t key;
	
		if (argc != 2)
			format();
	
		key = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		if (keyctl_invalidate(key) < 0)
			error("keyctl_invalidate");
	
		return 0;
	}
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * Get the per-UID persistent keyring
	 */
	static int act_keyctl_get_persistent(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
		key_serial_t dest, ret;
		uid_t uid = -1;
		char *q;
	
		if (argc != 2 && argc != 3)
			format();
	
		dest = get_key_id(argv[1]);
	
		if (argc > 2) {
			uid = strtoul(argv[2], &q, 0);
			if (*q) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Unparsable uid: '%s'\n", argv[2]);
				exit(2);
			}
		}
	
		ret = keyctl_get_persistent(uid, dest);
		if (ret < 0)
			error("keyctl_get_persistent");
	
		/* print the resulting key ID */
		printf("%d\n", ret);
		return 0;
	}
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * parse a key identifier
	 */
	static key_serial_t get_key_id(char *arg)
	{
		key_serial_t id;
		char *end;
	
		/* handle a special keyring name */
		if (arg[0] == '@') {
			if (strcmp(arg, "@t" ) == 0) return KEY_SPEC_THREAD_KEYRING;
			if (strcmp(arg, "@p" ) == 0) return KEY_SPEC_PROCESS_KEYRING;
			if (strcmp(arg, "@s" ) == 0) return KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING;
			if (strcmp(arg, "@u" ) == 0) return KEY_SPEC_USER_KEYRING;
			if (strcmp(arg, "@us") == 0) return KEY_SPEC_USER_SESSION_KEYRING;
			if (strcmp(arg, "@g" ) == 0) return KEY_SPEC_GROUP_KEYRING;
			if (strcmp(arg, "@a" ) == 0) return KEY_SPEC_REQKEY_AUTH_KEY;
	
			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown special key: '%s'\n", arg);
			exit(2);
		}
	
		/* handle a lookup-by-name request "%<type>:<desc>", eg: "%keyring:_ses" */
		if (arg[0] == '%') {
			char *type;
	
			arg++;
			if (!*arg)
				goto incorrect_key_by_name_spec;
	
			if (*arg == ':') {
				type = "keyring";
				arg++;
			} else {
				type = arg;
				arg = strchr(arg, ':');
				if (!arg)
					goto incorrect_key_by_name_spec;
				*(arg++) = '\0';
			}
	
			if (!*arg)
				goto incorrect_key_by_name_spec;
	
			id = find_key_by_type_and_desc(type, arg, 0);
			if (id == -1) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Can't find '%s:%s'\n", type, arg);
				exit(1);
			}
			return id;
		}
	
		/* handle a numeric key ID */
		id = strtoul(arg, &end, 0);
		if (*end) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unparsable key: '%s'\n", arg);
			exit(2);
		}
	
		return id;
	
	incorrect_key_by_name_spec:
		fprintf(stderr, "Incorrect key-by-name spec\n");
		exit(2);
	
	} /* end get_key_id() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * recursively display a key/keyring tree
	 */
	static int dump_key_tree_aux(key_serial_t key, int depth, int more, int hex_key_IDs)
	{
		static char dumpindent[64];
		key_serial_t *pk;
		key_perm_t perm;
		size_t ringlen, desclen;
		void *payload;
		char *desc, type[255], pretty_mask[9];
		int uid, gid, ret, n, dpos, rdepth, kcount = 0;
	
		if (depth > 8 * 4)
			return 0;
	
		/* find out how big this key's description is */
		ret = keyctl_describe(key, NULL, 0);
		if (ret < 0) {
			printf("%d: key inaccessible (%m)\n", key);
			return 0;
		}
		desclen = ret + 1;
	
		desc = malloc(desclen);
		if (!desc)
			error("malloc");
	
		/* read the description */
		ret = keyctl_describe(key, desc, desclen);
		if (ret < 0) {
			printf("%d: key inaccessible (%m)\n", key);
			free(desc);
			return 0;
		}
	
		desclen = ret < desclen ? ret : desclen;
	
		desc[desclen] = 0;
	
		/* parse */
		type[0] = 0;
		uid = 0;
		gid = 0;
		perm = 0;
	
		n = sscanf(desc, "%[^;];%d;%d;%x;%n",
			   type, &uid, &gid, &perm, &dpos);
	
		if (n != 4) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Unparseable description obtained for key %d\n", key);
			exit(3);
		}
	
		/* and print */
		calc_perms(pretty_mask, perm, uid, gid);
	
		if (hex_key_IDs)
			printf("0x%08x %s  %5d %5d  %s%s%s: %s\n",
			       key,
			       pretty_mask,
			       uid, gid,
			       dumpindent,
			       depth > 0 ? "\\_ " : "",
			       type, desc + dpos);
		else
			printf("%10d %s  %5d %5d  %s%s%s: %s\n",
			       key,
			       pretty_mask,
			       uid, gid,
			       dumpindent,
			       depth > 0 ? "\\_ " : "",
			       type, desc + dpos);
	
		/* if it's a keyring then we're going to want to recursively
		 * display it if we can */
		if (strcmp(type, "keyring") == 0) {
			/* find out how big the keyring is */
			ret = keyctl_read(key, NULL, 0);
			if (ret < 0)
				error("keyctl_read");
			if (ret == 0)
				return 0;
			ringlen = ret;
	
			/* read its contents */
			payload = malloc(ringlen);
			if (!payload)
				error("malloc");
	
			ret = keyctl_read(key, payload, ringlen);
			if (ret < 0)
				error("keyctl_read");
	
			ringlen = ret < ringlen ? ret : ringlen;
			kcount = ringlen / sizeof(key_serial_t);
	
			/* walk the keyring */
			pk = payload;
			do {
				key = *pk++;
	
				/* recurse into nexted keyrings */
				if (strcmp(type, "keyring") == 0) {
					if (depth == 0) {
						rdepth = depth;
						dumpindent[rdepth++] = ' ';
						dumpindent[rdepth] = 0;
					}
					else {
						rdepth = depth;
						dumpindent[rdepth++] = ' ';
						dumpindent[rdepth++] = ' ';
						dumpindent[rdepth++] = ' ';
						dumpindent[rdepth++] = ' ';
						dumpindent[rdepth] = 0;
					}
	
					if (more)
						dumpindent[depth + 0] = '|';
	
					kcount += dump_key_tree_aux(key,
								    rdepth,
								    ringlen - 4 >= sizeof(key_serial_t),
								    hex_key_IDs);
				}
	
			} while (ringlen -= 4, ringlen >= sizeof(key_serial_t));
	
			free(payload);
		}
	
		free(desc);
		return kcount;
	
	} /* end dump_key_tree_aux() */
	
	/*****************************************************************************/
	/*
	 * recursively list a keyring's contents
	 */
	static int dump_key_tree(key_serial_t keyring, const char *name, int hex_key_IDs)
	{
		printf("%s\n", name);
	
		keyring = keyctl_get_keyring_ID(keyring, 0);
		if (keyring == -1)
			error("Unable to dump key");
	
		return dump_key_tree_aux(keyring, 0, 0, hex_key_IDs);
	
	} /* end dump_key_tree() */